Subset of data for turnover time of land carbon (tau) for model evaluations using ESMValTool

Version 1.0
Carvalhais, Nuno; Koirala, Sujan, 2026, "Subset of data for turnover time of land carbon (tau) for model evaluations using ESMValTool", https://doi.org/10.17617/3.L6A1WU, Edmond, V1
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Description

This archive consists of the data needed for evaluation of turnover time of ecosystem carbon as calculated in the ESMValTool (see Eyring et al., 2020). The implementation in ESMValTool is based on the study of Carvalhais et al., 2014.

Note that the full dataset of turnover time from Carvalhais et al., 2014 is available at http://www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/geodb/BGI/tau.php.

Overview of resolutions

The dataset includes data at 11 different resolutions to match the selected models in Carvalhais et al., 2014. A summary of the reference models and corresponding resolutions is presented in the following table.

Reference target_grid grid_label* Observation 0.5x0.5 gn NorESM1-M 2.5x1.875 gr bcc-csm1-1 2.812x2.813 gr1 CCSM4 1.25x0.937 gr2 CanESM2 2.812x2.813 gr3 GFDL-ESM2G 2.5x2.0 gr4 HadGEM2-ES 1.875x1.241 gr5 inmcm4 2.0x1.5 gr6 IPSL-CM5A-MR 2.5x1.259 gr7 MIROC-ESM 2.812x2.813 gr8 MPI-ESM-LR 1.875x1.875 gr9

*The grid_label is suffixed with z for data in zonal/latitude coordinates: the zonal turnover and zonal correlation.

Data files and conventions

At each spatial resolution, four data files are provided:

  • tau_ctotal_fx_Carvalhais2014_BE_gn.nc - global data of tau_ctotal
  • tau_ctotal_fx_Carvalhais2014_BE_gnz.nc - zonal data of tau_ctotal
  • r_tau_ctotal_tas_fx_Carvalhais2014_BE_gnz.nc - zonal correlation of tau_ctotal and tas, controlled for pr
  • r_tau_ctotal_pr_fx_Carvalhais2014_BE_gnz.nc - zonal correlation of tau_ctotal and pr, controlled for tas.

The data is produced in obs4MIPs standards, and provided in netCDF4 format. The filenames use the convention:

{variable}_{frequency}_{source_label}_{variant_label}_{grid_label}.nc

  • {variable}: variable name
  • {frequency}: temporal frequency of data
  • {source_label}: observational source
  • {variant_label}: observation variant
  • {grid_label}: a standard label of spatial grids

Refer to Obs4MIPs Data Specifications (https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/site_media/projects/obs4mips/ODSv2p1.pdf) for details of the definitions above. All data variables have additional variables ({variable}_5 and {variable}_95) in the same file.

How to cite

This dataset should be referred to with the following citations:

  • Carvalhais, N., Forkel, M., Khomik, M., Bellarby, J., Jung, M., Migliavacca, M., ... & Ahrens, B. (2014). Global covariation of carbon turnover times with climate in terrestrial ecosystems. Nature, 514(7521), 213-217.
  • Eyring, V., Bock, L., Lauer, A., Righi, M., Schlund, M., Andela, B., ... & Carvalhais, N. (2020). ESMValTool v2.0–extended set of large-scale diagnostics for quasi-operational and comprehensive evaluation of Earth system models in CMIP. Geoscientific Model Development.

Usage notes

The usage of this data should follow the guidelines in the documentation of the ESMValTool recipe at https://esmvaltool.readthedocs.io/en/latest/recipes/recipe_carvalhais2014nat.html.

This dataset is intended for research uses through ESMValTool only. Any questions related to the data, as well as its use for other research purpose should be corresponded to Nuno Carvalhais (ncarval@bgc-jena.mpg.de) or Sujan Koirala (skoirala@bgc-jena.mpg.de) at the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry.

This dataset was previously published via the GeoDB data portal hosted at the Max-Planck-Institut for Biogeochemistry, Jena.
Subject Geosciences
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Published Mar 2, 2026
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